ENGLISH CORE
READING COMPREHENSION
Very short answer +/ Short answer and MCQ type questions:
Two unseen passages
(including poems) with a variety of questions including 04 marks for vocabulary
such as word formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the
2 passages including a poem or a stanza, should be
around 900-1000 words.
1. 550-600 words in length (for
note-making and summarising)
2. 350-400 words in length (to test
comprehension, interpretation and inference)
An unseen poem of about
28-35 lines.
The passages could be of any one of the
following types:
Factual passages, e.g., illustrations,
description, reports
Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g.,
argumentative, persuasive
Literary passages e.g. extracts from
fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc. In the case of a
poem, the text may be
shorter than the prescribed word limit.
SECTION
B
WRITING SKILLS AND GRAMMAR
Writing
Short Answer Questions: Based on notice/ poster/ advertisement
Long Answer Questions: Letters based on verbal/visual input. It would
cover all types of letters.
Letter types may include:
(a) business or official letters (for
making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information,
placing orders and sending replies)
(b) letters to
the editor (giving suggestions /opinions on an issue)
(c) application
for a job with a bio-data or resumé
(d) letter to
the school or college authorities, regarding admissions, school issues,
requirements
/suitability of courses,
etc.
Very Long Answer Question: Composition in the form
of article, speech, report writing or a narrative
GRAMMAR
Different grammatical structures in
meaningful contexts will be tested. Item types will include gap filling,sentence re-ordering,
dialogue completion and sentence transformation. The grammar syllabus will
include determiners, tenses, clauses, modals and Change of Voice. These grammar
areas will be tested using the following short answer type and MCQ type
questions.
Error Correction, editing tasks,
Re - ordering of sentences,
Transformation of sentences
Unit-I:
Sets and Functions
1. Sets
Sets and their representations.Empty
set.Finite and Infinite sets.Equal
sets.Subsets.Subsets of a set of
real numbers especially
intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set.
Venn diagrams. Union and
Intersection of sets.Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Properties of Complement Sets.
2. Relations & Functions:
Ordered pairs, Cartesian
product of sets.Number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets.
Cartesian product of the
set of reals with itself (upto R x R x R). Definition of relation,
pictorial
diagrams, domain, co-domain and
range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation. Pictorial
representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function.
Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity,
polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest
integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference,
product and quotient of functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions:
Positive
and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and
in degrees and conversion from one measure to another.Definition
of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the identity
sin2x+cos2x=1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions. Domain
and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx
& cosy and their simple applications.
Identities related to sin 2x, cos2x, tan 2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x. General solution
of trigonometric
equations of the type siny = sina, cosy = cosa and
tany =
tana.
Unit-II:
Algebra
1. Principle of Mathematical Induction:
Process
of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking
at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. The
principle of mathematical induction and simple applications.
2. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Need for complex
numbers, especially √−1, to be motivated by
inability to solve some of the quardratic equations.
Algebraic properties of complex numbers.Argand
plane and polar representation of complex numbers. Statement
of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations (with real coefficients)
in the complex number system. Square root of a complex
number.
3. Linear Inequalities
Linear
inequalities.
Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation
on the number line.Graphical representation of linear
inequalities in two variables.Graphical method of finding
a solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables.
4. Permutations and Combinations
Fundamental
principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations
and combinations, derivation of formulae for 𝑛𝑃𝑟 and 𝑛𝐶𝑟
and their connections, simple applications.
5. Binomial Theorem
History, statement and
proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices.Pascal's
triangle, General and middle term in binomial expansion, simple applications.
6. Sequence and Series
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression
(A. P.). Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression
(G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of
first n terms
of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between
A.M. and G.M. Formulae for the following special sums
Unit-III:Coordinate Geometry
1. Straight Lines
Brief recall of two dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. Slope of a line and angle between two
lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point-slope
form, slopeintercept form, two-point form, intercept
form and normal form. General equation of a line.Equation of family of lines passing through the point
of intersection of two lines.Distance of a point from
a line.
2. Conic Sections
Sections of a cone:
circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of
intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard
equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.Standard
equation of a circle.
. Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry
Coordinate axes and
coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a
point. Distance between two points and section formula.
Unit-IV:
Calculus
1. Limits and Derivatives
Derivative introduced as
rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically. Intutive idea of
limit.Limits of polynomials and rational functions
trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Definition
of derivative relate it to scope of tangent of the curve, Derivative of sum,
difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of
polynomial and trigonometric functions.
PHYSICS
Unit
I: Physical World and Measurement
Chapter–1: Physical World
Physics-scope and excitement;
nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and society.
Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of
measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and
derived units. Length, mass and time easurements;
accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement;
significant figures.
Dimensions of physical
quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
Unit
II: Kinematics
Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line
Frame of reference,
Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity.Elementary
concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and nonuniform motion, average speed and instantaneous
velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity - time and position-time
graphs.
Relations for uniformly
accelerated motion (graphical treatment).
Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Scalar and vector
quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations;
equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction
of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular
components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors.Motion
in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile
motion, uniform circular motion.
Unit
III: Laws of Motion
Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Intuitive concept of
force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law
of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.
Law
of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of
concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling
friction, lubrication.Dynamics of uniform circular
motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level
circular road, vehicle on a banked road).
Unit
IV: Work, Energy and Power
Chapter–6: Work, Engery and Power
Work done by a constant
force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem,power.
Notion of potential
energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical
energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical
circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Unit
V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a
two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod.
Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, laws of conservation of angular
momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies,
rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear
and rotational motions. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of
moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of
parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their
applications.
Unit
VI: Gravitation
Chapter–8: Gravitation
Kepler's laws of
planetary motion, universal law of gravitation.Acceleration
due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.Gravitational
potential energy and gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity
of a satellite, Geo-stationary satellites.
Unit
VII: Properties of Bulk Matter
Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
Elastic behaviour,
Stress-strain relationship,Hooke's
law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio;
elastic energy.
Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Pressure
due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift and
hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity,
Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical
velocity, Bernoulli's theorem and its applications. Surface energy and
surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved
surface, application of surface
tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat, temperature,
thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous
expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv -
calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity.
Heat
transfer-conduction, convection and adiation,
thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law, Green house effect.
Unit
VIII: Thermodynamics
Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Thermal
equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law
of thermodynamics), heat, work and internal energy. First
law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. Second law of
thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes, Heat engine and refrigerator.
Unit
IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases
Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Equation
of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas. Kinetic
theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic
interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas
molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only)
and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path,
Avogadro's number.
Unit
X: Oscillations and Waves
Chapter–14: Oscillations
Periodic
motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic
functions. Simple
harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a
spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and
potential energies; simple pendulum derivation
of expression for its time
period. Free, forced and damped oscillations (qualitative
ideas only), resonance.
Chapter–15: Waves
Wave motion: Transverse
and longitudinal waves, speed of wave motion, displacement relation for a
progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves,
standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics,
Beats, Doppler effect.
CHEMISTRY
Unit
I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
General Introduction:
Importance and scope of chemistry. Nature of matter, laws of chemical
combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules. Atomic
and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition,
empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and
calculations based on stoichiometry.
Unit
II: Structure of Atom
Discovery
of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's
model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations,
Bohr's model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle,
concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p
and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's
rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and
completely filled orbitals.
Unit
III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Significance of
classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern
periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in
properties of elements –atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.
Unit
IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular structure
Valence electrons, ionic
bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of
covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory,
resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of
hybridization, involving s,p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular
orbit l theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative
idea only), hydrogen bond.
Unit
V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Three states of matter,
intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role
of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle's law, Charles
law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, ideal
behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro's number, ideal gas
equation. Deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical
temperature, kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), Liquid
State- vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only,
no mathematical derivations)
Unit
VI: Chemical Thermodynamics
Concepts of System and
types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and
intensive properties, state
functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat
capacity and specific heat, measurement of DU and DH,
Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation,
combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution
and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction) Introduction of
entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and nonspontaneous
processes, criteria for
equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics (brief
introduction).
Unit
VII: Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical
and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action,
equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's
principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak
electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength,
concept of pH, Henderson Equation, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea),
buffer solution, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).
Unit
VIII: Redox Reactions
Concept of oxidation and
reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, in
terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number,
applications of redox reactions.
Unit
IX: Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in
periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen,
hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of
water heavy water, hydrogen peroxide -preparation, reactions and structure and
use; hydrogen as a fuel.
Unit
X: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)
Group 1 and Group 2
Elements
General
introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the
first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of
properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in
chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses.
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds:
Sodium
Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydrogencarbonate,
Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium. Calcium
Oxide and Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses, biological importance of
Magnesium and Calcium.
Unit
XI: Some p -Block Elements
General Introduction to p -Block Elements
Group 13 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical
reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group, Boron -
physical and chemical properties, some important compounds, Borax, Boric acid,
Boron Hydrides, Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalies, uses.
Group 14 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical
reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements. Carbon-catenation, allotropic
forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important compounds:
oxides. Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses: Silicon Tetrachloride,
Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses.
Unit
XII: Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Technique
General
introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification
and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic
displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric
effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic
and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations,
carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles,
types of organic reactions.
Unit
XIII: Hydrocarbons
Classification of Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes - Nomenclature,
isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions
including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature,
structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties,
methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen,
water,
hydrogen halides (Markownikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis,
oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature,
structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation,
chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of -
hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water. Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical
properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration,
sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's
alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity
and toxicity.
Unit
XIV: Environmental Chemistry
Environmental pollution
- air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog,
major atmospheric
pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer,
greenhouse effect and global warming- pollution due to industrial wastes, green
chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control
of environmental pollution.
BIOLOGY
Unit-I
Diversity of Living Organisms
Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living?
Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics;
concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for
study of taxonomy-museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom
classification; Salient features and classification of Monera,
Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens,
Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and
classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta,
Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae
and Angiospermae (three to five salient and
distinguishing features and at least two
examples of each category);
Angiosperms - classification upto class,
characteristic features and
examples.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and
classification of animals non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class
level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each
category).(No live animals or specimen should be
displayed.)
Unit-II
Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology and
modifications: Tissues
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of
different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit
and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical
Syllabus).
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues:
Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,
respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)
Unit-III
Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as
the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant
cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles
- structure and function; endomembrane system,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes,
plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
(ultrastructure and function); nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of
living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of
proteins,carbohydrates,
lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell
cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Unit-IV
Plant Physiology
Chapter-11: Transport in Plants
Movement of water, gases
and nutrients; cell to cell transport, Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport; plant-water relations, Imbibition, water potential, osmosis,
plasmolysis; long distance transport of water - Absorption, apoplast,
symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata;
Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport of food, phloem
transport, massflow hypothesis; diffusion of gases.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals,
macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral
toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral
nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a mean
of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis
(elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis;
cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways;
factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases;
cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron
transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated;
amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases
of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth;differentiation, dedifferentiation and
redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth
regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene,
ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.
Unit-V
Human Physiology-(A) *(This
section will be assessed through OTBA only)
Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption
Alimentary canal and
digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones;
Peristalsis, digestion,
absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific
values of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders - PEM,
indigestion, constipation,
vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.
Chapter-17: Breating and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in
animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and
its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation
of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma,
emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.
Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood,
blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human
circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle,
cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity;
disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina
pectoris, heart failure.
Human
Physiology - (B) (This
section will be assessed through usual content based questions)
Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory
system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation;
regulation of kidney function - renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor,
ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uraemia,
renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement -
ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction;
skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal
system -
myasthenia gravis, tetany,
muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves;
Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and
visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex
action; sensory
perception; sense organs;
elementary structure and functions of eye and ear.
Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and integration
Endocrine glands and
hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role
of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related
disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter,
exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.
Note: Diseases
related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.
BUSINESS STUDIES
Part A: Foundation
of Business
Business -Concept
Concept
includes meaning and features
Business, profession and
employment-Concept
Objectives of business
Classification of business
activities - Industry and Commerce
Commerce-trade: (types-internal,
external; wholesale and retail) and auxiliaries to trade; (banking, insurance,
transportation, warehousing, communication, and advertising) - meaning
Unit 2: Forms of
Business organizations
Partnership-Concept,
types, merits and limitation of partnership, registration of a partnership
firm, partnership deed. Types of partners
Cooperative
Societies-Concept, types, merits, and limitations.
Company-Concept, merits and
limitations; Types: Private and Public-Concept Formation of company-stages,
important document (Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association,
Certificate of incorporation and Certificate of commencement)
Unit 3: Public,
Private and Global Enterprises
Public sector and
private sector enterprises – concept Forms of public sector enterprises:
Departmental Undertakings, Statutory Corporations and Government Company. Changing role of public sector enterprises Discuss
the change in the role of public sector in an economy. Global
enterprises, Joint ventures, Public private partnership – concept
Unit
4: Business Services
Banking: Types of bank
accounts- savings, current, recurring, fixed deposit and multiple option
deposit
account. Debit Card, Credit
Card and Internet banking and Mobile banking as different ways of ebanking.
Insurance-: Principles,
Types –life, health, fire and marine insurance –concept Postal and telecom
services: Mail, Under Postal Certificate (UPC), Registered Post, Parcel, Speed Post
and Courier and other services
Unit
5: Emerging Modes of Business
E-business-scope and
benefits, resources required for successful e-business implementation, online
transaction, payment mechanism,
security and safety of business transactions Outsourcing-Concept: Business
process Outsourcing (BPO) and Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)- Concept,
need and scope
Unit
6: Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics
Concept of social
responsibility After going through this unit, the
student/ learner
would be able to: State the concept of
social responsibility.
Case of social
responsibility Examine the case for
social responsibility.
Responsibility
towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government and community.
Identify the social
responsibility towards different interest groups. Environment protection and
business-Meaning and role
Part
B: Finance and Trade
Unit
7: Sources of Business Finance
Concept of business
finance
Owners‟ funds- equity shares, preferences,
share,
Global Depository
receipt (GDR), American
Depository Receipt
(ADR), International Depository
Receipt (IDR) and
retained earnings
Unit
8: Small Business
Small scale enterprise
as defined by MSMED Act
2006 (Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprise
Development Act)
After going through this
unit, the student/ learner
would be able to:
reference to rural, backward and
hilly areas
Unit
9: Internal Trade
Services rendered by a
wholesaler and a retailer After going through this
unit, the student/ learner
would be able to:
ACCOUNTANCY
Introduction
to Accounting
Accounting- concept,
objectives, advantages and limitations, types of accounting information; users
of accounting information and their needs.
Basic accounting terms:
business transaction, account, capital, drawings, liabilities (non - current
and current); assets (non-current and current) fixed assets (tangible and
intangible assets), receipts (capital and revenue), expenditure (capital,
revenue and deferred), expense, income, profits, gains and losses,purchases,
purchases returns, sales, sales returns, goods, stock, inventory, trade
receivables (debtors and bills receivable), trade payables (creditors and bills
payable), cost, vouchers, discount - trade and cash.
Theory
Base of Accounting
Fundamental accounting
assumptions: going concern, consistency and accrual. Accounting principles: accounting
entity, money measurement, accounting period, full disclosure, materiality,
prudence, cost concept, matching concept and dual aspect. Accounting Standards and
IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards): concept and objectives
Double entry system of
accounting.
Bases
of accounting - cash basis and accrual
Recording
of Transactions
Accounting equation: analysis of
transactions using accounting equation. Rules of debit and credit: for assets,
liabilities, capital, revenue and expenses. Origin of transactions- source
documents/supporting vouchers (invoice, cash memo, pay in slip, cheque), debit
note, credit note,preparation
of accounting vouchers – cash (debit and credit) and non cash (transfer). Books of original entry:
format and recording - Journal.
Cash book: simple cash
book, cash book with discount column and cash book with bank and discount
columns, petty cash book. Other books: purchases book,
sales book, purchases returns book, sales returns book and journal proper.
Preparation
of Bank Reconciliation Statement, Ledger and Trial Balance
Bank reconciliation
statement- concept, calculating bank balance at an accounting
date: need and preparation.
Corrected cash book balance. Ledger - format, posting from journal,
cash book and other special purpose books, balancing of accounts. Trial balance:
objectives and preparation
{Scope: Trial balance with balance method only)
Depreciation,
Provisions and Reserves.
Depreciation: concept, need and factors affecting depreciation; methods of
computation of depreciation: straight line method, written down value method
(excluding change in method)
Accounting treatment of
depreciation: by
charging to asset account, by
creating provision for depreciation/ accumulated depreciation account,
treatment of disposal of asset.
Provisions and reserves:
concept, objectives and difference between provisions and reserves; types of reserves-
revenue reserve, capital reserve, general reserve and specific reserves.
Accounting
for Bills of Exchange.
Bills of exchange and
promissory note: definition, features, parties, specimen and distinction. Important terms : term
of bill, due date, days of grace, date of maturity, discounting of bill, endorsement
of bill, bill sent for collection, dishonor of bill,
noting of bill , retirement and renewal of a bill. Accounting treatment of bill
transactions. '
Rectification
of Errors
Errors: types-errors of
omission, commission, principles, and compensating; their effect on
Trial
Balance. Detection and
rectification of errors; preparation of suspense account.
ECONOMICS
Part
A: Statistics for Economics
In this course, the
learners are expected to acquire skills in collection, organisation and presentation
of quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to various simple
economic aspects systematically. It also intends to provide some basic
statistical tools to analyse, and interpret any economic information and draw
appropriate inferences. In this process, the learners are also expected to
understand the behaviour of various economic data.
Unit 1: Introduction
What is Economics?
Meaning, scope and
importance of statistics in Economics
Unit 2: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data
Collection of data - sources of data - primary and secondary; how
basic data is collected, with
concepts of Sampling; methods of
collecting data; some important sources of secondary data:
Census
of India and National Sample Survey Organisation.
Organisation of Data: Meaning and types of variables; Frequency
Distribution.
Presentation of Data: Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic
Presentation of Data: (i) Geometric
forms (bar diagrams and pie
diagrams), (ii) Frequency diagrams (histogram, polygon and ogive)
and (iii) Arithmetic line
graphs (time series graph).
Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation
(For all the numerical
problems and solutions, the appropriate economic interpretation may be
attempted. This means, the
students need to solve the problems and provide interpretation for
the results derived.)
Measures of Central Tendency- mean (simple and weighted), median
and mode
Measures of Dispersion - absolute dispersion (range, quartile
deviation, mean deviation and
standard deviation); relative
dispersion (co-efficient of range, co-efficient of quartile-deviation,co-efficient
of mean deviation, co-efficient of variation); Lorenz Curve: Meaning,
construction and its application.
Correlation - meaning,
scatter diagram; Measures of correlation - Karl Pearson's method (two
variables ungrouped data)
Spearman's rank correlation.
Introduction to Index Numbers - meaning, types - wholesale price
index, consumer price index
and index of industrial
production, uses of index numbers; Inflation and index numbers.
Part
B: Indian Economic Development
Unit 4: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since
1991:
A
brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Common goals of
Five
Year Plans. Main
features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new
agricultural strategy, etc.), industry (industrial licensing, etc.) and foreign
trade.
Economic Reforms since 1991:
Need and main features -
liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation;
An appraisal of LPG
policies
Unit 5: Current challenges facing Indian Economy
Poverty-
absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical
assessment;
Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of
cooperatives; agricultural
diversification; alternative farming -
organic farming
Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of
human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India
Employment:
Formal and informal, growth and other issues: Problems and policies.
Inflation:
Problems and Policies
Infrastructure:
Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and Policies- A
critical assessment;
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic
Development on Resources
and Environment, including
global warming.
Unit 6: Development Experience of India: (OTBA)
A comparison with
neighbours
India and Pakistan
India and China
Issues: growth,
population, sectoral development and other developmental indicators.
Part
C: Developing Projects in Economics
The students may be
encouraged to develop projects, as per the suggested project guidelines. Case
studies of a few organisations / outlets may also be encouraged. Under this the
students will do only one comprehensive
project using concepts from both part A and part B. Some of the examples of the
projects are as follows (they are not mandatory but suggestive):
(i)
A report on demographic structure of your neighborhood.
(ii) Changing consumer
awareness amongst households.
(iii) Dissemination of
price information for growers and its impact on consumers.
(iv)
Study of
a cooperative institution: milk cooperatives, marketing cooperatives, etc.
(v) Case studies on
public private partnership, outsourcing and outward Foreign Direct Investment.
(vi)
Global
warming.
(vii) Designing
eco-friendly projects applicable in school such as paper and water recycle.
The idea behind
introducing this unit is to enable the students to develop the ways and means
by which a project can be developed using the skills learned in the course.
This includes all the steps involved in designing a project starting from
choosing a title, exploring the information relating to the title, collection
of primary and secondary data, analysing the data, presentation of the project
and using various statistical tools and their interpretation and conclusion