ENGLISH-COMMUNICATIVE

This is a two-year syllabus for classes IX and X. The CBSE has prepared a package for this syllabus called

Interact in English. It includes the following:

For Students

1. Main Course Book

2. Literature Reader

3. Work Book

4. Long Reading Texts

Interact in English has been designed to develop the student's communicative competence in English.

Therefore, content selection is determined by the student's present and future academic, social and

professional needs.

READING

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. read silently at varying speeds depending on the purpose of reading;*1

2. adopt different strategies for different types of text, both literary and non-literary;

3. recognise the organization of a text;

4. identify the main points of a text;

*Objectives which will not be tested in a formal examination

5. understand relations between different parts of a text through lexical and grammatical cohesion

devices.

6. anticipate and predict what will come next in a text;*

7. deduce the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items in a given context;

8. consult a dictionary to obtain information on the meaning and use of lexical items;*

9. analyse, interpret, infer (and evaluate) the ideas in the text;

10. select and extract from a text information required for a specific purpose (and record it in note form)

11. transcode information from verbal to diagrammatic form;

12. retrieve and synthesise information from a range of reference material using study skills such as

skimming and scanning;

13. interpret texts by relating them to other material on the same theme (and to their own experience and knowledge); and

14. read extensively on their own.

WRITING

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. express ideas in clear and grammatically correct English, using appropriate punctuation and cohesion

devices;

2. write in a style appropriate for communicative purposes;

3. plan, organise and present ideas coherently by introducing, developing and concluding a topic;

4. write a clear description (e.g., of a place, a person, an object or a system);

5. write a clear account of events (e.g., a process, a narrative, a trend or a cause-effect relationship);

6. compare and contrast ideas and arrive at conclusions;

7. present an argument, supporting it with appropriate examples;

8. use an appropriate style and format to write letters (formal and informal),biographical sketches,

dialogues, speeches, reports, articles,e-mails and diary entries;

9. monitor, check and revise written work;

10. expand notes into a piece of writing;

11. summarise or make notes from a given text; and

12. decode information from one text type to another (e.g., diary entry to letter, advertisement to report, diagram to verbal form).

LISTENING

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. adopt different strategies according to the purpose of listening (e.g., for pleasure, for general interest, for specific information);

2. use linguistic and non-linguistic features of the context as clues to understanding and interpreting what is heard (e.g., cohesion devices, key words, intonation, gesture, background noises);

3. listen to a talk or conversation and understand the topic and main points;

4. listen for information required for a specific purpose, e.g., in radio broadcast, commentaries, airport

and railway station announcements;

5. distinguish main points from supporting details, and relevant from irrelevant information;

6. understand and interpret messages conveyed in person or by telephone;

7. understand and respond appropriately to directive language, e.g., instruction, advice, requests and

warning; and 8. understand and interpret spontaneous spoken discourse in familiar social situations.

SPEAKING

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. speak intelligibly using appropriate word stress, sentence stress and intonation patterns;

2. adopt different strategies to convey ideas effectively according to purpose, topic and audience

(including the appropriate use of polite expressions);

3. narrate incidents and events, real or imaginary in a logical sequence;

4. present oral reports or summaries; make announcements clearly and confidently;

5. express and argue a point of view clearly and effectively;

6. take active part in group discussions, showing ability to express agreement or disagreement, to

summarise ideas, to elicit the views of others, and to present own ideas;

7. express and respond to personal feelings, opinions and attitudes;

8. convey messages effectively in person or by telephone;

9. frame questions so as to elicit the desired response, and respond appropriately to questions; and

10. participate in spontaneous spoken discourse in familiar social situations.

GRAMMAR

By the end of the course, students should be able to use the following accurately and appropriately in context:

1. Verbs

Tenses:

􀁎 present/past forms

􀁎 simple/continuous forms

􀁎 perfect forms

􀁎 future time reference

􀁎 modals

􀁎 active and passive voice

􀁎 subject-verb concord

􀁎 non-finite verb forms (infinitives and participles)

2. Sentence Structure

􀁎 connector

􀁎 types of sentences

􀁎 affirmative/interrogative sentences negation

􀁎 exclamations

􀁎 types of phrases and clauses

- finite and non-finite subordinate clauses

- noun clauses and phrases

- adjective clauses and phrases

- adverb clauses and phrases

􀁎 indirect speech

􀁎 comparison

􀁎 nominalisation

3. Other Areas

􀁎 determiners

􀁎 pronouns

􀁎 prepositions

LITERATURE

By the end of the course, students should be able to understand, interpret, evaluate and respond to the following features in a literary text:

1 Character, as revealed through

􀁎 appearance and distinguishing features,

􀁎 socio-economic background,

􀁎 action/events,

􀁎 expression of feelings,

􀁎 speech and dialogues.

2 Plot/Story/Theme, emerging through main events,

􀁎 progression of events and links between them;

􀁎 sequence of events denoting theme.

3 Setting, as seen through time and place, socio-economic and cultural background, people, beliefs and

attitudes.

4 Form

􀁎 rhyme

􀁎 rhythm

􀁎 simile

􀁎 metaphor

􀁎 alliteration

􀁎 pun

􀁎 repetition

Open Text-Based Assessment

The open Text-Based Assessment will be included in reading section for 10 marks, as a part of SA-II. The

‘OTBA’ text will be based on the themes found in the course books.

The section will consists of a case study accompanied by 1-2 questions based on that text. The aim is to test a student’s ability for analytical and critical thinking drawing inferences expressing their point of view and justify them with suitable examples based on the case studies and their own experiences based on their interaction with peers and society in general. They will be assessed on the ability to understand and interpret the case study and offer appropriate suggestions and opinions on the given issues. The role of teachers is to motivate their learners and provide ample opportunities to apply their understanding of the given cases to real life through group work and discussion. The students responses would consist of the following:-

Assessment of Speaking and Listening Skills (ASL)

As a part of teaching a language, it is necessary that all the skills of a language i.e. reading, writing,

listening and speaking are given due weightage in all the four skills, both formatively and summatively.

Therefore, the CBSE had introduced the Assessment of Speaking and Listening skills (ASL) in secondary

classes

MATHS

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. REAL NUMBERS

Euclid's division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done

earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of √2, √3, √5.

Decimal representation of rational numbers in terms of terminating/non-terminating recurring

decimals.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. POLYNOMIALS

Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials.

Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients.

2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (15) Periods

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/

inconsistency.

Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables

algebraically - by substitution, by elimination and by cross multiplication method. Simple situational

problems. Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations.

UNIT III: GEOMETRY

1. TRIANGLES

Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.

1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in

distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third

side.

3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are

proportional and the triangles are similar.

4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles

are equal and the two triangles are similar.

5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides

including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

6. (Motivate) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the

hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and

to each other.

7. (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on their

corresponding sides.

8. (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the

other two sides.

9. (Prove) In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to sum of the squares on the other two

sides, the angles opposite to the first side is a right angle.

UNIT IV: TRIGONOMETRY

1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well

defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0o and 90o. Values (with proofs) of the

trigonometric ratios of 30o, 45o and 60o. Relationships between the ratios.

2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (15) Periods

Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.

Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.

UNIT V: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

1. STATISTICS

Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided). Cumulative frequency

graph.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA (Contd.)

3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic equations

(only real roots) by factorization, by completing the square and by using quadratic formula.

Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots.

Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incoporates.

4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS (8) Periods

Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms

of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

UNIT III: GEOMETRY (Contd.)

2. CIRCLES

Tangent to a circle at a point.

1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of

contact.

2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to circle are equal.

3. CONSTRUCTIONS (8) Periods

1. Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally).

2. Tangent to a circle from a point outside it.

3. Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle.

UNIT IV: TRIGONOMETRY

3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES (8) Periods

Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles.

Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30o, 45o, 60o.

UNIT V: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

2. PROBABILITY

Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on single events (not using set notation).

UNIT VI: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. LINES (In two-dimensions)

Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance between two points.

Section formula (internal division). Area of a triangle.

UNIT VII: MENSURATION

1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and

perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle,

problems should be restricted to central angle of 60o, 90o and 120o only. Plane figures involving

triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circle should be taken.)

2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

(i) Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres,

hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum of a cone.

(ii) Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems.

(Problems with combination of not more than two different solids be taken.)

SCIENCE

Theme: Materials

Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced

chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement,

double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction.

Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General

properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required),

importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder,

Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Metals and non metals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and

properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Theme: The World of the Living

Unit II: World of Living

Life processes: 'Living Being'. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in

plants and animals.

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of

plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and

reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Theme: How Things Work

Unit IV: Effects of Current

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm's law; Resistance, Resistivity,

Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel

combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its

applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying

conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor,

Fleming's Left Hand Rule. Electromagnetic induction. Induced potential difference, Induced

current. Fleming's Right Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current : frequency of AC.

Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Theme: Natural Resources

Unit V: Natural Resources

Sources of energy: Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of

energy: Fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy; Nuclear energy.

Renewable versus non-renewable sources of Energy.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

I India and the Contemporary World

II Contemporary India

III Democratic Politics

IV Understanding Economic Development

V Disaster Management-only through project work and assignments.