ENGLISH-COMMUNICATIVE
This is a two-year syllabus for classes IX and X. The CBSE has
prepared a package for this syllabus called
Interact in English. It includes the following:
For Students
1. Main Course Book
2. Literature Reader
3. Work Book
4. Long Reading Texts
Interact in English has been designed to develop the student's
communicative competence in English.
Therefore, content selection is determined by the student's
present and future academic, social and
professional needs.
READING
By the end of the course, students should be able
to:
1. read silently at varying speeds
depending on the purpose of reading;*1
2. adopt different strategies for
different types of text, both literary and non-literary;
3. recognise the organization of a text;
4. identify the main points of a text;
*Objectives which will not be tested in a formal examination
5. understand relations between different
parts of a text through lexical and grammatical cohesion
devices.
6. anticipate and predict what will come
next in a text;*
7. deduce the meaning of unfamiliar
lexical items in a given context;
8. consult a dictionary to obtain
information on the meaning and use of lexical items;*
9. analyse, interpret, infer (and
evaluate) the ideas in the text;
10. select and extract from a text information
required for a specific purpose (and record it in note form)
11. transcode
information from verbal to diagrammatic form;
12. retrieve and synthesise information
from a range of reference material using study skills such as
skimming and scanning;
13. interpret texts by relating them to
other material on the same theme (and to their own experience and knowledge);
and
14. read extensively on their own.
WRITING
By the end of the course, students should be able
to:
1. express ideas in clear and grammatically
correct English, using appropriate punctuation and cohesion
devices;
2. write in a style appropriate for
communicative purposes;
3. plan, organise and present ideas
coherently by introducing, developing and concluding a topic;
4. write a clear description (e.g., of a
place, a person, an object or a system);
5. write a clear account of events (e.g.,
a process, a narrative, a trend or a cause-effect relationship);
6. compare and contrast ideas and arrive
at conclusions;
7. present an argument, supporting it
with appropriate examples;
8. use an appropriate style and format to
write letters (formal and informal),biographical sketches,
dialogues, speeches, reports, articles,e-mails
and diary entries;
9. monitor, check and revise written
work;
10. expand notes into a piece of writing;
11. summarise or make notes from a given
text; and
12. decode information from one text type
to another (e.g., diary entry to letter, advertisement to report, diagram to
verbal form).
LISTENING
By the end of the course, students should be able
to:
1. adopt different strategies according
to the purpose of listening (e.g., for pleasure, for general interest, for
specific information);
2. use linguistic and non-linguistic
features of the context as clues to understanding and interpreting what is
heard (e.g., cohesion devices, key words, intonation, gesture, background
noises);
3. listen to a talk or conversation and
understand the topic and main points;
4. listen for information required for a
specific purpose, e.g., in radio broadcast, commentaries, airport
and railway station announcements;
5. distinguish main points from
supporting details, and relevant from irrelevant information;
6. understand and interpret messages
conveyed in person or by telephone;
7. understand and respond appropriately
to directive language, e.g., instruction, advice, requests and
warning; and
8. understand and interpret spontaneous
spoken discourse in familiar social situations.
SPEAKING
By the end of the course, students should be able
to:
1. speak intelligibly using appropriate
word stress, sentence stress and intonation patterns;
2. adopt different strategies to convey
ideas effectively according to purpose, topic and audience
(including the appropriate use of polite
expressions);
3. narrate incidents and events, real or
imaginary in a logical sequence;
4. present oral reports or summaries;
make announcements clearly and confidently;
5. express and argue a point of view
clearly and effectively;
6. take active part in group discussions,
showing ability to express agreement or disagreement, to
summarise ideas, to elicit the views of others, and to present own ideas;
7. express and respond to personal
feelings, opinions and attitudes;
8. convey messages effectively in person
or by telephone;
9. frame questions so as to elicit the
desired response, and respond appropriately to questions; and
10. participate in spontaneous spoken
discourse in familiar social situations.
GRAMMAR
By the end of the course, students should be able
to use the following accurately and appropriately in context:
1. Verbs
Tenses:
present/past forms
simple/continuous forms
perfect
forms
future
time reference
modals
active
and passive voice
subject-verb concord
non-finite
verb forms (infinitives and participles)
2. Sentence Structure
connector
types of sentences
affirmative/interrogative
sentences negation
exclamations
types of phrases and clauses
- finite and non-finite subordinate
clauses
- noun clauses and phrases
- adjective clauses and phrases
- adverb clauses and phrases
indirect
speech
comparison
nominalisation
3. Other Areas
determiners
pronouns
prepositions
LITERATURE
By the end of the course, students should be able
to understand, interpret, evaluate and respond to the following features in a
literary text:
1 Character, as revealed through
appearance
and distinguishing features,
socio-economic background,
action/events,
expression
of feelings,
speech
and dialogues.
2 Plot/Story/Theme, emerging through main events,
progression
of events and links between them;
sequence
of events denoting theme.
3 Setting, as seen through time and place, socio-economic
and cultural background, people, beliefs and
attitudes.
4 Form
rhyme
rhythm
simile
metaphor
alliteration
pun
repetition
Open Text-Based Assessment
The open Text-Based Assessment will be included in
reading section for 10 marks, as a part of SA-II. The
‘OTBA’ text will be based on the themes found in the course books.
The section will consists of a case study
accompanied by 1-2 questions based on that text. The aim is to test a student’s
ability for analytical and critical thinking drawing inferences expressing
their point of view
and justify them with suitable examples based on the case studies
and their own experiences based on their interaction with peers and society in
general. They will be assessed on the ability to understand and interpret the
case study and offer appropriate suggestions and opinions on the given issues.
The role of teachers is to motivate their learners and provide ample
opportunities to apply their understanding of the given cases to real life
through group work and discussion. The students responses would consist of the
following:-
Assessment of Speaking and Listening Skills (ASL)
As a part of teaching a language, it is necessary
that all the skills of a language i.e. reading, writing, listening and speaking
are given due weightage in all the four skills, both
formatively and summatively.
Therefore, the CBSE had introduced the Assessment of Speaking and
Listening skills (ASL) in secondary
classes
MATHS
NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. REAL NUMBERS
1. Review of representation of natural numbers,
integers, rational numbers on the number line. Representation of terminating / non-terminating recurring decimals,
on the number line through successive magnification. Rational numbers as
recurring/terminating decimals.
2. Examples of non-recurring / non-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational numbers (irrational numbers) such as √2,
√3 and
their representation on the number line. Explaining that every real
number is represented by a unique point on the number line and conversely,
every point on the number line represents a unique real number.
3. Existence of √ for a given positive real number x (visual proof to be
emphasized).
4. Definition of nth root of a real number.
5. Recall of laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with positive real bases (to be done by
particular cases, allowing learner to arrive at the general laws.)
6. Rationalization (with precise meaning) of real numbers of the
type (and their combinations)
ALGEBRA
1. POLYNOMIALS
Definition of a polynomial in
one variable, its coefficients, with examples and counter examples, its terms,
zero polynomial. Degree of a
polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic
polynomials; monomials, binomials, trinomials. Factors
and multiples. Zeros of a polynomial. Motivate
and State the Remainder Theorem with examples. Statement and
proof of the Factor Theorem. Factorization of ax2 + bx
+ c, a ≠ 0 where a, b and c are real numbers, and of
cubic polynomials using the Factor Theorem.
Recall of algebraic expressions and identities. Further
verification of identities of the type
(x+y+z)2 = x2 +
y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx, (x ± y)3 = x3 ± y3 ± 3xy (x ± y), x3 ± y3 = (x ± y)
(x2 xy + y2),
x3 + y3 + z3 — 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 +z2 — xy
— yz — zx) and their use in
factorization of polymonials. Simple
expressions reducible to these polynomials.
GEOMETRY
1. INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY
History - Geometry in India and Euclid's geometry.
Euclid's method of formalizing observed phenomenon into rigorous mathematics
with definitions, common/obvious notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The
five postulates of Euclid. Equivalent versions of the fifth
postulate. Showing the relationship between axiom and theorem, for
example:
(Axiom) 1. Given two distinct points, there exists one and only
one line through them.
(Theorem) 2. (Prove) Two distinct lines cannot have more than one
point in common.
2. LINES AND ANGLES
1. (Motivate) If a ray stands on a line, then the
sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180o and
the converse.
2. (Prove) If two lines
intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal.
3. (Motivate) Results on corresponding angles,
alternate angles, interior angles when a transversal intersects two parallel
lines.
4. (Motivate) Lines which are parallel to a given
line are parallel.
5. (Prove) The sum of the angles of a triangle is
180o.
6. (Motivate) If a side of
a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the
two interior opposite angles.
3. TRIANGLES
1. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if any
two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal
to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence).
2. (Prove) Two triangles are congruent if any two
angles and the included side of one triangle is
equal to any two angles and the included side of the
other triangle (ASA Congruence).
3. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if the
three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides
of the other triangle (SSS Congruene).
4. (Motivate) Two right triangles are congruent if
the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal
(respectively) to the
hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle.
5. (Prove) The angles
opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.
6. (Motivate) The sides
opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
7. (Motivate) Triangle inequalities and relation
between 'angle and facing side' inequalities in
triangles.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a
point, names and terms associated with the coordinate plane,
notations, plotting points in the plane.
MENSURATION
1. AREAS
Area of a triangle using Heron's formula (without proof) and its
application in finding the area of a
quadrilateral.
SCIENCE
Matter-Nature and Behaviour
Definition of matter; solid,
liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state-melting
(absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation),
condensation, sublimation.
Nature of matter : Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogenous and
homogenous mixtures,
colloids and suspensions.
Theme: The World of the Living
Unit II: Organization in the Living World
Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a
basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular
organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell
inclusions; chloroplast,
mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus,
chromosomes - basic
structure, number.
Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:
Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four
types of tissues in animals;
Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).
Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas
Unit III: Motion, Force and Work
Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform
motion along a straight
line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform
motion and uniformly
accelerated motion, derivation of equations of motion by graphical method;
elementary idea of
uniform circular motion.
Force and Newton's laws : Force and Motion, Newton's Laws of Motion, Inertia
of a body, Inertia
and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration. Elementary idea of
conservation of Momentum,
Action and Reaction forces.
Gravitation: Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of
the earth (gravity),
Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free
fall.
Theme: Food
Unit V: Food Production
Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement
and management; Use of
fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
India
and the Contemporary World
Contemporary
India I
Democratic
Politics
Economics
Disaster
Management (Through Project & Assignments)